| 特集-地球科学- Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 3-1,12-18(1994) |
| 地球内部の組成，温度，圧力 Composition, Temperature, and Pressure in the Earth's Interior |
| 大谷 栄治 Eiji OHTANI |
| Interior of the Earth and planets is one of the most important targets for the high pressure research. In this paper, gross pictures on the layered structure, chemical compositions, and the pressure and temperature conditions of the Earth interior are presented. Some topics on the high pressure research relevant to the Earth interior are also reviewed. |
| 〒980-8578 仙台市青葉区荒巻字青葉 東北大学理学部地球物質科学科 Institute of Mineralogy, Petrology, and Economic Geology, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578 |
| 特集-地球科学- Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 3-1,19-27(1994) |
| マントル中の相転移と物質構成 Phase Transformations and Constitution of the Earth's Mantle |
| 入舩 徹男 Tetsuo IRIFUNE |
| The author reviews the phase transformations in the earth's mantle, which have been determined by using latest multi-anvil technology. The composition and constitution of the mantle are discussed on the basis of these phase equilibrium data, together with other data sets from laboratory measurements and seismic observations. The phase transformations in a pyrolite composition satisfactorily explain the gross nature of the seismic velocity/density profiles throughout the mantle. Thus pyrolite is considered to be a representative mantle composition. Further detailed seismic velocity structures in the mantle are also discussed in terms of the phase transformations in other compositions comprising subducted slabs. |
| 〒790-8577 松山市文京町2-5 愛媛大学理学部生物地球圏科学科 Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577 |
| 特集-地球科学- Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 3-1,28-33(1994) |
| 単結晶の高圧構造解析と地球科学研究 Single Crystal X-ray Diffraction Study at High Pressure and Its Application to Earth Science |
| 工藤 康弘 Yasuhiro KUDOH |
| This paper reviews the important improvements accomplished during the past thirty years in the application field of the diamond anvil cell to high pressure single crystal X-ray structure analysis. The characteristics of the single crystal high pressure method are reviewed in Sec.2. The implications of the single crystal structural analysis at high pressure are discussed for the case of structural anomalies of forsterite, Mg２SiO４ and fayalite, Fe２SiO４ under metastable condition with over-pressure inSec.3. |
| 〒980-8578 仙台市青葉区荒巻字青葉 東北大学理学部岩石鉱物鉱床学教室 Institute of Mineralogy, Petrology, and Economic Geology, Faculty of Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578 |
| 特集-地球科学- Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 3-1,34-40(1994) |
| 高圧下における金属−鉱物の反応と核の組成 Metal-mineral Reaction under High Pressure and Its Implications for Composition of the Core |
| 鈴木 敏弘 Toshihiro SUZUKI |
| In the last decade, reaction of metals and silicate minerals under high pressure and temperature have been studied extensively. These investigations have revealed that the solubility of hydrogen, oxygen and silicon in metallic iron are enhanced by high pressure, and these elements were added to the candidates of the light elements in the earth's core. Pressure effect on partition coefficients of elements between metallic iron and mantle minerals have also been examined by high pressure experiments. These experimental investigations have successively provided important information for the studies of formation and composition of the earth's core. Some difficulties, however, still remain in the high pressure experimental techniques for metal-mineral reaction, such as the reaction of the sample and its container. |
| 〒171-8588 東京都豊島区目白1-5-1 学習院大学理学部化学科 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakusyuin University, Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8588 |
| 特集-地球科学- Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 3-1,41-48(1994) |
| 高圧下におけるケイ酸塩融体の構造 Structure of Silicate Melts under High Pressure |
| 舟越 賢一1 河村 雄行2 Kenichi FUNAKOSHI, Katsuyuki KAWAMURA |
| Knowledge of the structural changes of silicate melts under high pressure and temperature is extremely important to understand the chemical and physical properties of magmas in nature. In-situ x-ray measurements are possible for silicate melts under high pressure by means of synchrotron radiations and multi-anvil apparatus (MAX80). It is, however, difficult to obtain corrected x-ray intensity profiles because of the source intensity profile, absorption, incoherent scattering, etc. Observed intensity of melts can be corrected reasonably by means of a Mote Carlo simulation technique. |
| 1〒679-5198 兵庫県佐用郡三日月町光都1-1-1 （財）高輝度光科学研究センター利用促進部門 2〒152-8551 東京都目黒区大岡山2-12-1 東京工業大学大学院理工学研究科地球惑星科学専攻 Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551 |
| 特集-地球科学- Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 3-1,49-54(1994) |
| 下部マントル条件下におけるX線その場観察実験 In Situ X-ray Diffraction Studies under Lower Mantle Conditions |
| 船守 展正 Nobumasa FUNAMORI |
| Current status on the development of a high pressure and high temperature in situ x-ray diffraction technique is reviewed. Combination of new apparatuses with sintered diamond anvils and a very strong x-ray beam from a synchrotron source made it possible to carry out an in situ x-ray study on mantle minerals under lower mantle conditions (≧ 24 GPa, 1900 K). Important information for understanding the nature of the solid earth will be obtained by these apparatuses. |
| 〒113-0033 東京都文京区本郷7-3-1 東京大学大学院理学系研究科地球惑星科学専攻 |
| 特集-地球科学- Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 3-1,55-62(1994) |
| レーザー加熱ダイヤモンドアンビルによる高温高圧実験と地球科学研究 High-Pressure and High Temperature Experiments Using Laser-Heated Diamond Anvil Cell and Its Application to Earth Science |
| 遊佐 斉 Hitoshi YUSA |
| A new quantitative laser-heated diamond anvil cell has been developed. The systems for the measurements of pressure and temperature are also constructed. Pressures under high temperature can be measured using Sm:YAG pressure marker. The other technical improvements are described in detail. Several phase equilibrium experiments of silicates are carried out using the system. The upper-lower mantle boundary is also discussed on the basis of determined spinel dissociation boundary. |
| 〒305-0044 つくば市並木1-1無機材質研究所超高圧力ステーション |
| 特集-地球科学- Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 3-1,63-68(1994) |
| 焼結ダイヤモンドを用いたマルチアンビル装置とその地球科学への応用 The MA8 System with Sintered Diamond Anvils and Its Application to Earth Science |
| 近藤 忠 Tadashi KONDO |
| The MA8 system can generate relatively uniform pressure and get a large sample volume to including heating system. As an anvil material we have employed tungsten carbide. However, the efficiency of high pressure generation above 20 GPa is reduced because of plastic deformation of anvil top. Sintered diamond which has the highest compressive strength and no cleavage plane is the most promising choice as the alternative for anvil material. The purpose of this study is to develop the high pressure apparatus with sintered diamond anvils including internal heating capable under ultra high pressures and to establish condition for the reliable experiments. In this system we succeed in generating pressures over 30 GPa and temperature about 2000 ℃ in a sample volume of about 1mm3. We confirmed of decomposition of forstrite to perovskite and periclace by X-ray diffraction analysis. This new high pressure system must be useful for quantitative studies to investigate the physical and chemical properties in the earth's deep interior. |
| 〒980-8578 仙台市青葉区荒巻字青葉 東北大学理学部地球物質科学科 Institute of Mineralogy, Petrology and Economic Geology, Tohoku University, Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578 |
| 特集-地球科学- Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 3-1,69-77(1994) |
| 高圧実験で探る惑星の内部構造 The Structure of the Terrestrial Planets Inferred from High Pressure Experiments |
| 鎌谷紀子 Noriko KAMAYA |
| High pressure studies on planetary materials provide very important contributions for the understanding of the internal structure of the planets, since the knowledge of the properties of the high pressure phases of the planet forming materials gives constraints for discussing the internal structure of the planets. Here is reviewed the internal structure of planets inferred from the high pressure research together with geophysical and geochemical observations. |
| 〒100-8122 東京都千代田区大手町1-3-4 気象庁地震火山部地震津波監視課 |
| 解説 Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 3-1,78-86(1994) |
| 高分子基質中の拡散に対する圧力の効果 Effect of Pressure on the Diffusion in Polymer Substrate |
| 伊藤 泰輔1 勢田 二郎2 相沢 勝久3 Taisuke ITO, Jiro SETA, Katsuhisa AIZAWA |
| Pressure effect on the diffusion of rigid aromatic and flexible linear aliphatic molecules in polymers was described. The results were discussed on the basis of the activation volume for the diffusion, ΔV≠. ΔV≠ was analysed in terms of the intrinsic molecular volume, the length of the chain, the degrees of swelling and crystallinity of the polymer and the solvation of the diffusant. The temperature dependence of ΔV≠, the pressure dependence of the activation energy for the diffusion and the pressure dependence of de Genne's scaling rule for the diffusion of chain molecule were also discussed. |
| 1〒606 京都市左京区松ケ崎 京都工芸繊維大学工芸学部 Faculty of Engineering and Design, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyoku, Kyoto 606 2 〒400 甲府市武田 山梨大学教育学部 Faculty of Education, Yamanashi University, Takeda, Koufu 400 3〒330 大宮市吉野町 （株）信越ポリマー Shinetsu Polymer, Co., Yoshinocho, Omiya 330 |
| 実験ワンポイント Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 3-1,87-89(1994) |
| ルビー蛍光法による圧力測定 Pressure Measurement by Ruby Fluorescence Method |
| 藤城 郁哉1 中村 裕一2 Ikuya FUJISHIRO, Yuichi NAKAMURA |
| Method of pressure measurement by ruby fluorescence in a diamond-anvil cell at relatively lower pressure is described. Anisotropy of sensing ruby fluorescence and its effect for the accurate pressure measurement are also discussed. Non-hydrostaticity is estimated by the fluorescence of two rubies which have different crystal orientations. Annealing of sensing ruby is effective for improving the accuracy of pressure measurement. |
| 1〒514-0061 津市一身田上津部田1234 放送大学三重学習センター 2〒514-8507 津市上浜町1515 三重大学工学部物理工学科ナノプロセッシング Faculty of Engineering, Mie University, Kamihama-cho 1515, Tsu, Mie 514-8507 |
〒606-0805
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