学会誌「高圧力の科学と技術」
Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol.

Vol.3  No.2(1994) Abstract


小特集-超硬物質-
Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 3-2,111-117(1994)
合成ダイヤモンドの工業利用
Industrial Applications of Synthetic Diamond Products
鈴木数夫
Kazuo SUZUKI
This paper describes the applications of synthetic diamond products, which accounted for more than 97 % of the world's annual consumption of diamond in technical sectors for 1992. They have provided a wide, and may probably provide a wider range of applications due to their mechanical properties properly controlled by process parameters, as well as the surface modification techniques which have been developed remarkably in these years.

[synthetic diamond, diamond abrasive, toughness index, friability.]  
〒323 栃木県小山市城東4-5-1 トーメイダイヤ??
Tomei Diamond Co.,Ltd. 4-5-1 Joto, Oyama, Tochigi 323



小特集-超硬物質-
Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 3-2,118-125(1994)
cBN焼結体工具の切削加工用途への適用
Application of Polycrystalline Cubic Boron Nitride for Cutting Tools
中井哲男
Tetsuo NAKAI
Polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (pcBN) materials, which are produced by sintering cBN powder and binder material under ultra-high pressure and temperature conditions, have so high hardness, high thermal conductivity and very weak affinity for ferrous metals that pcBN has been used for cutting ferrous metals such as hardened steel, cast iron, powder metal heat resisting alloy or roll. In order to improve machining efficiency or accuracy, hard turning by pcBN material has been introduced instead of grinding process. High-speed cutting cast iron with pcBN material is one of the most important applications to reduce the production cost. pcBN also shows more excellent cutting performance than other tool materials for powder metal, heat resisting alloy and roll. This paper describes the characteristics and the application examples of pcBN materials.

[polycrystalline cubic boron nitride, hardened steel, cast iron, powder metal]
〒664兵庫県伊丹市昆陽北1-1-1 住友電工ダイヤ製品事業部 
Super Hard Materials Division, Simitomo Electric Industries, Ltd., 1-1-1,Koya Kita, Itami, Hyogo 664



小特集-超硬物質-
Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 3-2,126-133(1994)
立方晶窒化ほう素の合成とその応用
Synthesis of Cubic Boron Nitride and Its Application
真方 顕
Akira MAGATA
This paper provides the outline of cBN in its synthesis, production, properties, application and market. Owing to the progress in generating high pressure - high temperature technique, various type of cBN grain can be produced and used as high performance material.

[cBN, synthesis, high pressure-high temperature, abrasive, wheel, compact]
〒105東京都港区芝大門 1-13-9 昭和電工株式会社 セラミックス事業部
Ceramics Div.,Showa Denko K.K. 1-13-9 Shiba, Daimon, Minato-Ku, Tokyo 105



解説
Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 3-2,134-141(1994)
氷の高圧物性
Properties of H2O ices at High Pressure
三島 修
Osamu MISHIMA
Pressure and temperature effects on the structure and hydrogen-bonding of H2O ices are summarized. Recent progress on the pressure-induced crystal-amorphous and amorphous-amorphous first-order transitions of H2O is also briefly reviewed and polymorphism in liquid water near the glass-transition temperature is discussed.

[high pressure, ice, structure, transition, amorphization, water]
〒305-0044 つくば市並木1-1 無機材質研究所超高圧力ステーション
National Institute for Research in Inorganic Materials, 1-1, Namiki,
Tsukuba, 305-0044



解説
Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 3-2,142-149(1994)
大腸菌と酵母の圧力応答 −非致死高圧力領域における挙動−
Response of Escherichia Coli and Yeast to Pressure: Their behaviors 
under Nonlethal High Pressure Conditions
田村勝弘
Katsuhiro TAMURA
Recent studies on behaviors of Escherichia coli and yeast at 10 - 40 MPa where these microorganisms can survive were summarized. The aspects covered are, 1) abnormal elongation of Escherichia coli cell by application of high pressure, 2) correlation between hydrophobicity of the cell surface of E. coli and drug susceptibility under high pressure, 3) stress response of yeast (induction of various tolerance by heat shock and drug shock in yeast) , and 4) pressure reversal of alcohol effects on the growth of yeast and its application to alcoholic fermentation under high pressure.

[ Pressure response, E. coli, Yeast, Hydrophobicity, Alcoholic fermentation,Drug susceptibility, Heat shock ]
〒770-8506 徳島市南常三島町2-1 徳島大学工学部
Department of Chemical Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering,
The University of Tokushima, Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8506



解説
Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 3-2,150-155(1994)
フラーレン関連構造を持つ物質系
Materials with Fullerene-Related Structures
斉藤晋
Susumu SAITO
Materials consisting mainly of cage structures or clusters are reviewed. These materials are now of high interest because they are expected to have hierarchical electronic structures and should have novel properties as has been shown in fullerene-based materials.

[fullerene, metallocarbohedrene, born, silicon cluster, metal cluster]
〒152 東京都目黒区大岡山2-12-1 東京工業大学理学部物理学科
Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ohokayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152



解説
Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 3-2,156-162(1994)
超臨界水による石炭および重質原油の分解処理
Decomposition Treatment of Coal and Other Heavy Fossil Fuels in Supercritical Water
守谷武彦1 木下睦2 榎本兵治2
Takehiko MORIYA Atushi KISHITA Heiji ENOMOTO
The property of its supercritical water can be changed remarkably by controlling its temperature and density. Application of its characteristics may make possible the decomposition, liquefaction and/or alteration of coal and other heavy fossil fuels, and the removal of sulfur, nitrogen, heavy metals and so on. In this report, decomposition treatments for liquefaction of coal in supercritical water are reviewed. Result of other fossil fuels such as oil sands are also presented.

[Supercritical Water, Supercritical gas extraction, Water, Hydrothermal reaction, Coal, Liquefaction of coal, Oil sand, Bitumens, Shale oil]
1〒981-0952 仙台市青葉区中山7-2-1 東北電力?褐、究開発センターエネルギー・環境G
Applied Technology R&D Center, Tohoku Electric Power Co.,Inc. 7-2-1,Nakayama,Aoba-Ku,Sendai,Miyagi,981-0952
2〒 980-8579 仙台市青葉区荒巻字青葉01 東北大学大学院工学研究科地球工学専攻
Department of Resources Engineering,Faculty of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aramaki-Aza, Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579



総説
Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 3-2,163-179(1994)
Expanded Fluid Alkali Metals
Friendrich Hensel and Georg-Friendrich Hohl
Fluid alkali metals are typical examples of materials whose electronic structures depend strongly on the thermodynamic state of the system. The most striking manifestation of this state dependence is the metal-nonmetal transition which occurs when the dense liquid evaporates to the dilute vapour or when the fluid is expanded by heating to its liquid-vapour critical point.
The paper discusses equation of state data, electrical, and optical properties, and neutron scattering measurements of S(Q) and S(Q,ω) with special emphasis on the change in these properties in the metal-nonmetal transition region. The shape of S(Q,ω) change considerably on approaching the transition from the high-density liquid side, indicating a change in the interparticle interaction and the molecular structure. S(Q,ω) of rubidium in the density range between the melting point density and three times the critical density is characterized by the existence of well defined acoustic-phonon-like collective density excitations at high momentum transfer, whereas S(Q,ω) at a density of about twice the critical density is consistent with excitations of an optic-type mode in which two species tend to move in opposite directions.

[metal-nonmetal transition, supercritical fluid, alkali metal, static and dynamic structure, critical behaviour]
Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980 Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University
A: On leave from Fachbereich Physikalische Chemie und Zentrum fur Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universitat Maragurg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35032 Marburg, Federal Republic of Germany.



実験ワンポイント
Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 3-2,180-182(1994)
ベローズを用いたダイヤモンドアンビルの駆動方法
A Bellows Assembly: How to Drive Diamond Anvils
小林 利彦
Toshihiko KOBAYASHI
A bellows assembly is designed to drive diamond anvils and connected to the regulated helium gas pressure source. This permits horizontal optical access to the diamond-anvil core. The sample pressure can be changed remotely while the sample is maintained at operating low temperature.

[diamond-anvil cell, pressurized bellows assembly, optical measurements, low temperature]
〒657-8501 神戸市灘区六甲台町1-1 神戸大学工学部電気電子工学科
Faculty of Engineering, Kobe University, Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501



サロン
Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 3-2,183-185(1994)
日本の衝撃超圧力研究の歴史 -重点領域研究を通じて考えたこと-
Recent Activities on Very High Pressure Research Utilizing Shock Waves in Japan
澤岡 昭
Akira SAWAOKA
Recently shock compression technology has been becoming popular in the field of materials science and geophysics in Japan as a tool of high pressure generation. A project research "Understandings of Shock Wave Phenomena" supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research of Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, Japan has been conducted in 1990-93. An important topic of this project was shock wave phenomena in condensed matters. A recent activity of the research on condensed matters is summarized and an importance of quantitative research of shock temperature in porous materials is emphasized.
〒227 横浜市緑区長津田町4259 東京工業大学工業材料研究所
Research Laboratory of Engineering Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuda, Midori-ku, Yokohama 227




〒606-0805
京都市左京区下鴨森本町 15 (財)生産開発科学研究所内
日本高圧力学会事務局
Tel (075)721-0376 Fax (075)723-9629
koatsu@mbox.kyoto-inet.or.jp