解説 Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol.6-4,199-208(1997) |
微小系の熱力学とその応用 Small System Thermodynamics and the Application |
田中 満 Mitsuru TANAKA |
Small system thermodynamics is briefly discussed
in relation to statistical mechanics and
applied to solutions of noninteracting multi
component micelles and vesicles. It is shown
that the Gibbs-Duhem equation does not hold
for the lipid membranes of vesicles as well
as for micelles. Polydispersity of micelles
and thermal fluctuations of the extensive
thermodynamic functions are discussed, and
equations of temperature and pressure dependencies
of solubilities of surfactants in water are
derived. [ micellar size distribution, small system, subdivision potential, surfactant solubility, thermal fluctuation, thermodynamics , and vesicle ] |
〒814-0180 福岡市城南区七隈8-19-1 福岡大学
(名誉教授) Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180 Japan |
解説 Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 6-4,209-215(1997) |
超臨界水の誘電緩和測定 Measurements of Dielectric Relaxation in Supercritical Water |
八尾 誠 岡田 一夫 Makoto YAO Kazuo OKADA |
Microwave spectroscopy that can be applied
to study the dielectric relaxation of various
fluids under high temperature and pressure
has been developed in the frequency range
up to 40 GHz. By utilizing this new technique
the dielectric relaxation in water has been
measured in the temperature and pressure
range up to 750 ℃ and 120 MPa, which corresponds
to a density range between 0.05 and 1 g/cm3. The static dielectric constant ε(0) is
deduced from the time required for microwave
signal to travel through the sample by means
of the time domain analysis. The dielectric
relaxation time τ is obtained by fitting
the experimentally observed microwave transmission
rate to the value calculated using the S-matrices on the assumption that the dielectric
constant obeys the Debye relaxation. It is
concluded that the most relevant parameter
determining τ is the temperature at lower
temperatures or higher densities, and is
the density at higher temperatures or lower
densities. [water, supercritical fluid, dielectric relaxation, microwave spectroscopy] |
〒606-8502 京都市左京区北白川追分町 京都大学大学院理学研究科物理学第一教室 Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502 |
解説 Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 6-4,216-221(1997) |
X線吸収法による高温高圧下での密度測定 Density Measurements under High Temperature and High Pressure by Means of X-ray Absorption |
片山 芳則 Yoshinori KATAYAMA |
We developed a new method for density measurements
under high temperature and high pressure
by means of X-ray absorption using
a large
volume press combined with a synchrotron
radiation source. To overcome the variation
of the sample thickness under pressure,
a
sapphire ball or a sapphire ring was
used
as a calibrant of the thickness. Results
on tellurium and bismuth were reviewed.
[density, high pressure, high temperature, liquid , synchrotron radiation, x-ray absorption, tellurium, bismuth] |
〒679-5148 兵庫県佐用郡三日月町光都1-1-1 日本原子力研究所関西研究所放射光利用研究部 Department of Synchrotron Radiation Facility Project, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Hyogo 679-5148 |
解説 Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 6-4,222-229(1997) |
立方晶B-C-Nの静的高温高圧合成とキャラクタリゼーション Synthesis of Cubic B-C-N under Static High Pressure and Temperature and its Characterization |
中野 智志 Satoshi NAKANO |
Static direct transformation of graphitic
BC2N to cubic forms was discussed on the basis
of our results of synthetic experiments and
characterizations for the products. The graphitic
BC2N was successfully transformed to diamond-like
cubic phases at 7.7 GPa and 2150-2400 ℃
for 15-60 min using a belt-type high-pressure
apparatus. Crystallization of cubic B-C-N
compound was confirmed in the products obtained
at 2300 ℃ by means of XRD and ATEM. The
cubic B-C-N, however, was segregated to diamond
and cBN with increasing the synthetic temperature
to 2400 ℃, which was also supported by SEM
and AES. The formation behavior seems to
provide some conceptions to explore new materials
by high-pressure synthesis. [high-pressure synthesis, static high pressure, high temperature, direct transformation, characterization, cubic boron carbonitride, diamond, cubic boron nitride] |
〒305-0044 つくば市並木1-1 無機材質研究所 National Institute for Research in Inorganic Materials, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044 |
論文 Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 6-4,230-235(1997) |
分析電顕によるガーネット-ペロブスカイト相変態の研究 Analytical Electron Microscopy of Garnet-Perovskite Phase Transformation |
宮島 延吉1 藤野 清志2 船守 展正3 近藤 忠4 八木 健彦5 Nobuyoshi MIYAJIMA1 Kiyoshi FUJINO2 Nobumasa FUNAMORI 3 Tadashi KONDO4 Takehiko YAGI5 |
Natural pyrope garnets have been transformed
at 35-60 GPa by a laser-heated diamond anvil
cell(DAC), and the recovered samples were
examined with an analytical electron microscope(AEM).
Orthorhombic perovskite was the dominant
product phase after the transformation, and
the Al content in perovskite increases with
pressure and temperature. However, Al-rich
perovskite was metastably inverted into the
lithium niobate phase during the decompression.
The mode of transition behavior of orthorhombic
perovskite to the lithium niobate phase varies
with the Al content in orthorhombic perovskite.
Orthorhombic perovskite with less than 25
mol % Al2O3 can be quenched as orthorhombic perovskite
after the release of pressure. In contrast,
perovskite with about 25-28 mol% Al2O3 becomes the alternating lamellae of orthorhombic
perovskite and the lithium niobate phases,
having the topotactic relation with each
other after the decompression. With further
increasing the Al2O3 content in perovskite, it is completely
converted into the lithium niobate phase
with polysynthetic twinning on{1012}hex. From this study, it was proved that, even
for Al-rich garnets, the dominant post-garnet
phase under the lower mantle condition is
orthorhombic perovskite. [DAC, AEM, garnet-perovskite transformation, orthorhombic perovskite-lithium niobate phase transition, topotactic relation, polysynthetic twinning] |
1D-95440 Bayreuth, GERMANY Bayerisches Geoinstitut,
Universitat Bayreuth 2〒060-0810 札幌市北区北10条西8 北海道大学理学研究科地球惑星科学専攻 Division of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810 3〒113-0033 東京都文京区本郷7-3-1 東京大学大学院理学系研究科地球惑星科学専攻 4〒980-8578 仙台市青葉区荒巻字青葉 東北大学理学部地球物質科学科 5〒277-8581 柏市柏の葉5-1-5 東京大学物性研究所新物質科学研究部門 |
サロン Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 6-4,236-241(1997) |
高圧食品開発物語(その3) −低アレルゲンご飯および米パンの開発− Story of Development of High-Pressure Processed Foods, Part 3 -A method of development of low allergenic cooked rice and bread- |
山崎 彬 笹川 秋彦 Akira YAMAZAKI Akihiko SASAGAWA |
The number of patients suffering from food
allergies in Japan has recently shown an
increase. In addition to egg, milk,and soybean
allergies, an increase in cereal allergies
from rice, which is the main staple in the
Japanese diet, and from wheat is creating
important social problems which do not affect
just the patient and the patient's family.
Accordingly, we would like to discuss the
development of low allergenic cooked rice
and low allergenic rice bread made from rice
which has had the allergens removed by means
of high pressure. [high-pressure processed foods,allergen,allergy,food allergy,low allergenic rice, low allergenic rice bread] |
〒940-0056 長岡市呉服町1-4-5 越後製菓(株)総合研究所社長室 Research Institute, Echigo Seika Co.,Ltd.,1-4-5 Gohuku-cho Nagaoka-shi 940-0056 |
〒606-0805
京都市左京区下鴨森本町 15 (財)生産開発科学研究所内
日本高圧力学会事務局
Tel (075)721-0376 Fax (075)723-9629
koatsu@mbox.kyoto-inet.or.jp